Gaperon Quality Classifier
is a multilingual document quality classifier based on XLM-V base, fine-tuned to assess the quality of web-crawled documents in French and English. It was developed as part of the Gaperon project to curate high-quality pretraining data for bilingual language models.
Model Details
Model Type
: Text Classification (Document Quality)
Filtering large-scale web-crawled corpora for language model pretraining
Assessing document quality based on linguistic and content criteria
Sample weighting in pretraining data mixtures
Unlike educational-value classifiers (e.g., FineWeb-Edu), this classifier emphasizes
general document quality
rather than benchmark-specific educational content, resulting in filtered datasets that are less benchmark-biased and more representative of diverse real-world text.
Quality Criteria
The classifier was trained to evaluate documents on the following criteria:
Relevance and practical value for a general audience
Training Data
Annotation Process
The classifier was trained on
500,000 annotated documents
:
250,000 documents from RedPajama-V2-French (RPv2-Fr)
250,000 documents from TxT360-CC (English)
Synthetic Labeling
Document labels were generated using
Llama-3.1-70B-Instruct
, prompted to evaluate each document and assign a quality label (
low
,
medium
, or
high
) along with a short justification. Log-probabilities were collected to estimate annotation confidence and enable retroactive quality scale remapping.
Prompt used to generate labels
Click to view full prompt
Below is an extract from a web page. Evaluate the quality of the content based on the following factors:
1. Content Accuracy: Assess the correctness and reliability of the information presented. Consider the factual accuracy, use of credible sources (if mentioned), and absence of misinformation.
2. Clarity: Evaluate how well the information is communicated. Look for clear explanations, well-defined terms, and logical flow of ideas.
3. Coherence: Analyze the overall structure and organization of the content. Consider how well ideas are connected and if the content follows a logical progression.
4. Grammar and Language: Assess the quality of writing, including correct grammar, spelling, and punctuation. Consider the appropriateness of language for the intended audience.
5. Depth of Information: Evaluate the level of detail and thoroughness of the content. Consider whether it provides surface-level information or delves into more comprehensive explanations.
6. Overall Usefulness: Assess the practical value and relevance of the information for a general audience. Consider how applicable or helpful the content would be for someone seeking information on the topic.
Based on these factors, give an overall quality score of low, medium, or high.
Additionally, select one or more domains from the list below. Each domain listed is a single, combined category. Choose the most relevant domain(s). Domain(s) can only be chosen from the list below. Only select "Other" if none of the listed domains are applicable.
- Arts
- Business & Economics & Finance
- Culture & Cultural geography
- Daily Life & Home & Lifestyle
- Education
- Entertainment & Travel & Hobby
- Environment
- Food & Drink & Cooking
- Health & Wellness & Medicine
- Law & Justice
- Natural Science & Formal Science & Technology
- Personal Development & Human Resources & Career
- Politics & Government
- Religion & Spirituality
- Shopping & Commodity
- Society & Social Issues & Human Rights
- Sports
- Other (only if none of the above are relevant)
Additionally, identify the main topic of the extract, which can be any relevant subfield. Don't elaborate on the topic; just provide a concise classification.
Additionally, identify the document type, which can be article, blog post, forum post, or any other relevant type. Don't elaborate on the type; just provide a concise classification.
USER PROMPT:
The extract:
{DOCUMENT}
After examining the extract:
- Briefly justify your quality classification, up to 100 words on one line using the format: "Explanation: <justification>"
- Conclude with the quality classification using the format: "Quality score: <classification>" (on a separate line)
- Continue with the domain classification using the format: "Domain: <classification>, <classification>, ..." (on a separate line)
- Continue with the main topic or subject classification using the format: "Main topic: <classification>" (on a separate line)
- Continue with the document type classification using the format: "Document type: <classification>" (on a separate line)
Evaluate the content based on the quality factors outlined above.
@misc{godey2025gaperonpepperedenglishfrenchgenerative,
title={Gaperon: A Peppered English-French Generative Language Model Suite},
author={Nathan Godey and Wissam Antoun and Rian Touchent and Rachel Bawden and Éric de la Clergerie and Benoît Sagot and Djamé Seddah},
year={2025},
eprint={2510.25771},
archivePrefix={arXiv},
primaryClass={cs.CL},
url={https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.25771},
}
Acknowledgments
This work was supported by French public research funding and computational resources from national HPC clusters over a 15-month period by the ALMAnaCH team at Inria Paris. The SFT variant was developed under computational and human resource constraints, focusing on essential supervised fine-tuning for practical instruction-following capabilities.
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