LFM2 is a new generation of hybrid models developed by
Liquid AI
, specifically designed for edge AI and on-device deployment. It sets a new standard in terms of quality, speed, and memory efficiency.
We're releasing the weights of four post-trained checkpoints with 350M, 700M, 1.2B, and 2.6 parameters. They provide the following key features to create AI-powered edge applications:
Fast training & inference
– LFM2 achieves 3x faster training compared to its previous generation. It also benefits from 2x faster decode and prefill speed on CPU compared to Qwen3.
Best performance
– LFM2 outperforms similarly-sized models across multiple benchmark categories, including knowledge, mathematics, instruction following, and multilingual capabilities.
New architecture
– LFM2 is a new hybrid Liquid model with multiplicative gates and short convolutions.
Flexible deployment
– LFM2 runs efficiently on CPU, GPU, and NPU hardware for flexible deployment on smartphones, laptops, or vehicles.
Find more information about LFM2 in our
blog post
.
📄 Model details
Due to their small size,
we recommend fine-tuning LFM2 models on narrow use cases
to maximize performance.
They are particularly suited for agentic tasks, data extraction, RAG, creative writing, and multi-turn conversations.
However, we do not recommend using them for tasks that are knowledge-intensive or require programming skills.
Supported languages
: English, Arabic, Chinese, French, German, Japanese, Korean, and Spanish.
Generation parameters
: We recommend the following parameters:
temperature=0.3
min_p=0.15
repetition_penalty=1.05
Chat template
: LFM2 uses a ChatML-like chat template as follows:
<|startoftext|><|im_start|>system
You are a helpful assistant trained by Liquid AI.<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>user
What is C. elegans?<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>assistant
It's a tiny nematode that lives in temperate soil environments.<|im_end|>
You can automatically apply it using the dedicated
.apply_chat_template()
function from Hugging Face transformers.
Tool use
: It consists of four main steps:
Function definition
: LFM2 takes JSON function definitions as input (JSON objects between
<|tool_list_start|>
and
<|tool_list_end|>
special tokens), usually in the system prompt
Function call
: LFM2 writes Pythonic function calls (a Python list between
<|tool_call_start|>
and
<|tool_call_end|>
special tokens), as the assistant answer.
Function execution
: The function call is executed and the result is returned (string between
<|tool_response_start|>
and
<|tool_response_end|>
special tokens), as a "tool" role.
Final answer
: LFM2 interprets the outcome of the function call to address the original user prompt in plain text.
Here is a simple example of a conversation using tool use:
<|startoftext|><|im_start|>system
List of tools: <|tool_list_start|>[{"name": "get_candidate_status", "description": "Retrieves the current status of a candidate in the recruitment process", "parameters": {"type": "object", "properties": {"candidate_id": {"type": "string", "description": "Unique identifier for the candidate"}}, "required": ["candidate_id"]}}]<|tool_list_end|><|im_end|>
<|im_start|>user
What is the current status of candidate ID 12345?<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>assistant
<|tool_call_start|>[get_candidate_status(candidate_id="12345")]<|tool_call_end|>Checking the current status of candidate ID 12345.<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>tool
<|tool_response_start|>{"candidate_id": "12345", "status": "Interview Scheduled", "position": "Clinical Research Associate", "date": "2023-11-20"}<|tool_response_end|><|im_end|>
<|im_start|>assistant
The candidate with ID 12345 is currently in the "Interview Scheduled" stage for the position of Clinical Research Associate, with an interview date set for 2023-11-20.<|im_end|>
Architecture
: Hybrid model with multiplicative gates and short convolutions: 10 double-gated short-range LIV convolution blocks and 6 grouped query attention (GQA) blocks.
Pre-training mixture
: Approximately 75% English, 20% multilingual, and 5% code data sourced from the web and licensed materials.
Training approach
:
Very large-scale SFT on 50% downstream tasks, 50% general domains
Custom DPO with length normalization and semi-online datasets
Iterative model merging
🏃 How to run LFM2
1. Transformers
To run LFM2, you need to install Hugging Face
transformers
v4.55 or a more recent version as follows:
pip install -U transformers
Here is an example of how to generate an answer with transformers in Python:
from transformers import AutoModelForCausalLM, AutoTokenizer
# Load model and tokenizer
model_id = "LiquidAI/LFM2-2.6B"
model = AutoModelForCausalLM.from_pretrained(
model_id,
device_map="auto",
torch_dtype="bfloat16",
# attn_implementation="flash_attention_2" <- uncomment on compatible GPU
)
tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained(model_id)
# Generate answer
prompt = "What is C. elegans?"
input_ids = tokenizer.apply_chat_template(
[{"role": "user", "content": prompt}],
add_generation_prompt=True,
return_tensors="pt",
tokenize=True,
).to(model.device)
output = model.generate(
input_ids,
do_sample=True,
temperature=0.3,
min_p=0.15,
repetition_penalty=1.05,
max_new_tokens=512,
)
print(tokenizer.decode(output[0], skip_special_tokens=False))
# <|startoftext|><|im_start|>user# What is C. elegans?<|im_end|># <|im_start|>assistant# C. elegans, also known as Caenorhabditis elegans, is a small, free-living# nematode worm (roundworm) that belongs to the phylum Nematoda.
You can directly run and test the model with this
Colab notebook
.
2. vLLM
You need to install
vLLM
v0.10.2 or a more recent version as follows:
Here is an example of how to use it for inference:
from vllm import LLM, SamplingParams
prompts = [
"What is C. elegans?",
"Say hi in JSON format",
"Define AI in Spanish"
]
sampling_params = SamplingParams(temperature=0.3, min_p=0.15, repetition_penalty=1.05)
llm = LLM(model="LiquidAI/LFM2-2.6B")
outputs = llm.generate(prompts, sampling_params)
for output in outputs:
prompt = output.prompt
generated_text = output.outputs[0].text
print(f"Prompt: {prompt!r}, Generated text: {generated_text!r}")
3. llama.cpp
You can run LFM2 with llama.cpp using its
GGUF checkpoint
. Find more information in the model card.
🔧 How to fine-tune LFM2
We recommend fine-tuning LFM2 models on your use cases to maximize performance.
Notebook
Description
Link
SFT (Unsloth)
Supervised Fine-Tuning (SFT) notebook with a LoRA adapter using Unsloth.
SFT (Axolotl)
Supervised Fine-Tuning (SFT) notebook with a LoRA adapter using Axolotl.
SFT (TRL)
Supervised Fine-Tuning (SFT) notebook with a LoRA adapter using TRL.
DPO (TRL)
Preference alignment with Direct Preference Optimization (DPO) using TRL.
📈 Performance
LFM2 outperforms similar-sized models across different evaluation categories. We only report scores using instruct variants and non-thinking modes for consistency.
Model
MMLU
GPQA
IFEval
IFBench
GSM8K
MGSM
MMMLU
LFM2-2.6B
64.42
26.57
79.56
22.19
82.41
74.32
55.39
Llama-3.2-3B-Instruct
60.35
30.6
71.43
20.78
75.21
61.68
47.92
SmolLM3-3B
59.84
26.31
72.44
17.93
81.12
68.72
50.02
gemma-3-4b-it
58.35
29.51
76.85
23.53
89.92
87.28
50.14
Qwen3-4B-Instruct-2507
72.25
34.85
85.62
30.28
68.46
81.76
60.67
📬 Contact
If you are interested in custom solutions with edge deployment, please contact
our sales team
.
🚀 If you find these models useful
Help me test my
AI-Powered Quantum Network Monitor Assistant
with
quantum-ready security checks
:
The full Open Source Code for the Quantum Network Monitor Service available at my github repos ( repos with NetworkMonitor in the name) :
Source Code Quantum Network Monitor
. You will also find the code I use to quantize the models if you want to do it yourself
GGUFModelBuilder
💬
How to test
:
Choose an
AI assistant type
:
TurboLLM
(GPT-4.1-mini)
HugLLM
(Hugginface Open-source models)
TestLLM
(Experimental CPU-only)
What I’m Testing
I’m pushing the limits of
small open-source models for AI network monitoring
, specifically:
Function calling
against live network services
How small can a model go
while still handling:
Automated
Nmap security scans
Quantum-readiness checks
Network Monitoring tasks
🟡
TestLLM
– Current experimental model (llama.cpp on 2 CPU threads on huggingface docker space):
✅
Zero-configuration setup
⏳ 30s load time (slow inference but
no API costs
) . No token limited as the cost is low.
🔧
Help wanted!
If you’re into
edge-device AI
, let’s collaborate!
Other Assistants
🟢
TurboLLM
– Uses
gpt-4.1-mini
:
**It performs very well but unfortunatly OpenAI charges per token. For this reason tokens usage is limited.
Create custom cmd processors to run .net code on Quantum Network Monitor Agents
Real-time network diagnostics and monitoring
Security Audits
Penetration testing
(Nmap/Metasploit)
🔵
HugLLM
– Latest Open-source models:
🌐 Runs on Hugging Face Inference API. Performs pretty well using the lastest models hosted on Novita.
💡
Example commands you could test
:
"Give me info on my websites SSL certificate"
"Check if my server is using quantum safe encyption for communication"
"Run a comprehensive security audit on my server"
'"Create a cmd processor to .. (what ever you want)" Note you need to install a
Quantum Network Monitor Agent
to run the .net code on. This is a very flexible and powerful feature. Use with caution!
Final Word
I fund the servers used to create these model files, run the Quantum Network Monitor service, and pay for inference from Novita and OpenAI—all out of my own pocket. All the code behind the model creation and the Quantum Network Monitor project is
open source
. Feel free to use whatever you find helpful.
If you appreciate the work, please consider
buying me a coffee
☕. Your support helps cover service costs and allows me to raise token limits for everyone.
I'm also open to job opportunities or sponsorship.
Thank you! 😊
Runs of Mungert LFM2-2.6B-GGUF on huggingface.co
871
Total runs
0
24-hour runs
0
3-day runs
-5
7-day runs
661
30-day runs
More Information About LFM2-2.6B-GGUF huggingface.co Model
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