Click the Nomic Atlas map below to visualize a 5M sample of our contrastive pretraining data!
Training Details
We train our embedder using a multi-stage training pipeline. Starting from a long-context
BERT model
,
the first unsupervised contrastive stage trains on a dataset generated from weakly related text pairs, such as question-answer pairs from forums like StackExchange and Quora, title-body pairs from Amazon reviews, and summarizations from news articles.
In the second finetuning stage, higher quality labeled datasets such as search queries and answers from web searches are leveraged. Data curation and hard-example mining is crucial in this stage.
Training data to train the models is released in its entirety. For more details, see the
contrastors
repository
Usage
Note
nomic-embed-text
requires prefixes! We support the prefixes
[search_query, search_document, classification, clustering]
.
For retrieval applications, you should prepend
search_document
for all your documents and
search_query
for your queries.
Sentence Transformers
from sentence_transformers import SentenceTransformer
model = SentenceTransformer("nomic-ai/nomic-embed-text-v1-ablated", trust_remote_code=True)
sentences = ['search_query: What is TSNE?', 'search_query Who is Laurens van der Maaten?']
embeddings = model.encode(sentences)
print(embeddings)
Transformers
import torch
import torch.nn.functional as F
from transformers import AutoTokenizer, AutoModel
defmean_pooling(model_output, attention_mask):
token_embeddings = model_output[0]
input_mask_expanded = attention_mask.unsqueeze(-1).expand(token_embeddings.size()).float()
return torch.sum(token_embeddings * input_mask_expanded, 1) / torch.clamp(input_mask_expanded.sum(1), min=1e-9)
sentences = ['search_query: What is TSNE?', 'search_query: Who is Laurens van der Maaten?']
tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained('bert-base-uncased')
model = AutoModel.from_pretrained('nomic-ai/nomic-embed-text-v1-ablated', trust_remote_code=True)
model.eval()
encoded_input = tokenizer(sentences, padding=True, truncation=True, return_tensors='pt')
with torch.no_grad():
model_output = model(**encoded_input)
embeddings = mean_pooling(model_output, encoded_input['attention_mask'])
embeddings = F.normalize(embeddings, p=2, dim=1)
print(embeddings)
The model natively supports scaling of the sequence length past 2048 tokens. To do so,
- tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained('bert-base-uncased')+ tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained('bert-base-uncased', model_max_length=8192)- model = AutoModel.from_pretrained('nomic-ai/nomic-embed-text-v1-ablated', trust_remote_code=True)+ model = AutoModel.from_pretrained('nomic-ai/nomic-embed-text-v1-ablated', trust_remote_code=True, rotary_scaling_factor=2)
Runs of nomic-ai nomic-embed-text-v1-ablated on huggingface.co
118
Total runs
-1
24-hour runs
-2
3-day runs
-18
7-day runs
-65
30-day runs
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