SmolLM2 is a family of compact language models available in three size: 135M, 360M, and 1.7B parameters. They are capable of solving a wide range of tasks while being lightweight enough to run on-device.
SmolLM2 demonstrates significant advances over its predecessor SmolLM1, particularly in instruction following, knowledge, reasoning. The 135M model was trained on 2 trillion tokens using a diverse dataset combination: FineWeb-Edu, DCLM, The Stack, along with new filtered datasets we curated and will release soon. We developed the instruct version through supervised fine-tuning (SFT) using a combination of public datasets and our own curated datasets. We then applied Direct Preference Optimization (DPO) using
UltraFeedback
.
The instruct model additionally supports tasks such as text rewriting, summarization and function calling thanks to datasets developed by
Argilla
such as
Synth-APIGen-v0.1
.
How to use
pip install transformers
Running the model on CPU/GPU/multi GPU
Using full precision
# pip install transformersfrom transformers import AutoModelForCausalLM, AutoTokenizer
checkpoint = "HuggingFaceTB/SmolLM2-135M"
device = "cuda"# for GPU usage or "cpu" for CPU usage
tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained(checkpoint)
# for multiple GPUs install accelerate and do `model = AutoModelForCausalLM.from_pretrained(checkpoint, device_map="auto")`
model = AutoModelForCausalLM.from_pretrained(checkpoint).to(device)
inputs = tokenizer.encode("Gravity is", return_tensors="pt").to(device)
outputs = model.generate(inputs)
print(tokenizer.decode(outputs[0]))
Using
torch.bfloat16
# pip install accelerateimport torch
from transformers import AutoTokenizer, AutoModelForCausalLM
checkpoint = "HuggingFaceTB/SmolLM2-135M"
tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained(checkpoint)
# for fp16 use `torch_dtype=torch.float16` instead
model = AutoModelForCausalLM.from_pretrained(checkpoint, device_map="auto", torch_dtype=torch.bfloat16)
inputs = tokenizer.encode("Gravity is", return_tensors="pt").to("cuda")
outputs = model.generate(inputs)
print(tokenizer.decode(outputs[0]))
In this section, we report the evaluation results of SmolLM2. All evaluations are zero-shot unless stated otherwise, and we use
lighteval
to run them.
Base pre-trained model
Metrics
SmolLM2-135M-8k
SmolLM-135M
HellaSwag
42.1
41.2
ARC (Average)
43.9
42.4
PIQA
68.4
68.4
MMLU (cloze)
31.5
30.2
CommonsenseQA
33.9
32.7
TriviaQA
4.1
4.3
Winogrande
51.3
51.3
OpenBookQA
34.6
34.0
GSM8K (5-shot)
1.4
1.0
Instruction model
Metric
SmolLM2-135M-Instruct
SmolLM-135M-Instruct
IFEval (Average prompt/inst)
29.9
17.2
MT-Bench
1.98
1.68
HellaSwag
40.9
38.9
ARC (Average)
37.3
33.9
PIQA
66.3
64.0
MMLU (cloze)
29.3
28.3
BBH (3-shot)
28.2
25.2
GSM8K (5-shot)
1.4
1.4
Limitations
SmolLM2 models primarily understand and generate content in English. They can produce text on a variety of topics, but the generated content may not always be factually accurate, logically consistent, or free from biases present in the training data. These models should be used as assistive tools rather than definitive sources of information. Users should always verify important information and critically evaluate any generated content.
@misc{allal2024SmolLM2,
title={SmolLM2 - with great data, comes great performance},
author={Loubna Ben Allal and Anton Lozhkov and Elie Bakouch and Gabriel Martín Blázquez and Lewis Tunstall and Agustín Piqueres and Andres Marafioti and Cyril Zakka and Leandro von Werra and Thomas Wolf},
year={2024},
}
Runs of QuantFactory SmolLM2-135M-GGUF on huggingface.co
5.3K
Total runs
0
24-hour runs
469
3-day runs
1.4K
7-day runs
1.4K
30-day runs
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