Inkling-Small is a general-purpose multimodal model that accepts text, image and audio inputs and generates text outputs. It is intended for use in English and other languages, and across multiple coding languages. The model is designed to be used by developers building AI-powered applications, including agentic and tool-use systems, coding assistants, chatbots, and retrieval-augmented generation systems, and is suitable for general-purpose conversational use, instruction-following, and other natural language and multimodal tasks. It is released with open weights to support research, fine-tuning and integration into third-party products by downstream developers.
Languages:
English, with general multilingual capabilities across other languages.
API access is also available through third party inference providers.
3. Model Properties
Model type
Multimodal autoregressive transformer
Architecture type
A 42-layer decoder-only transformer with a sparse Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) feed-forward backbone: each token is routed to 6 of 256 experts, plus 2 shared experts active on every token. Attention is a hybrid of local and global layers. The model is natively multimodal — images are encoded via a hierarchical patch encoder, and audio via discrete token encoding — with all modalities projected into a shared hidden space and processed jointly by the decoder.
Parameters
276B total, 12B active
Numerics support
BF16 and NVFP4
Input modalities
Inkling-Small accepts text, image, and audio inputs:
Text: UTF-8 encoded text
Image: Any pixel-based image input. For optimal performance, each image dimension should be between 40px to 4096px.
Audio: WAV format, sampled at 16kHz. For optimal performance, audio length should ideally be under 2 mins.
Output modalities
Inkling-Small generates output as UTF-8 encoded text.
4. Training
Training data includes a broad variety of content types, including text, images, audio, video.
Training data for the model was drawn from publicly available sources, acquired from third-parties, or synthetically generated or augmented. Publicly available data includes content from the public internet and publicly accessible repositories.
The training data curation process includes cleaning, processing, and modifying datasets. These processing steps, which vary by data type, may include deduplication and filtering to remove junk or other low-quality data, or to advance safety or other objectives.
5. Evaluations
Open weights
Closed weights
Inkling-Small
Qwen3.5-397B-A17B
MiMo V2.5
Minimax M2.7
DeepSeek V4 Flash
Nemotron 3 Ultra
Inkling
Claude 4.5 Haiku
Gemini 3.5 Flash-Lite
GPT 5.6 Luna
Model Info
AA Index (v4.1)
Score
40.0%
34.0%
37.0%
38.0%
40.0%
38.0%
41.0%
30.0%
36.0%
49.0%
Activated Params (B)
Score
12
17
15
10
13
55
41
–
–
–
Total Params (B)
Score
276
397
310
230
284
550
975
–
–
–
Pricing ($/M)
Input
0.3
0.39
0.14
0.25
0.14
0.5
1
1
0.3
0.5
Pricing ($/M)
Output
1.2
2.34
0.28
1
0.28
2.2
4.05
5
2.5
3
Agentic (coding)
SWEBench Verified
Score
80.2%
76.4%
71.0%
79.9%
79.0%
70.7%
77.6%
66.6%
75.0%
93.0%
SWEBench Pro (Public)
Score
55.9%
50.9%
56.1%
56.2%
52.6%
46.4%
54.3%
39.5%
54.2%
62.7%
Terminal Bench 2.1
Best Harness
64.69
51.3
63.7
55.4
61.8
56.4
63.8
44.2
54
82.5
SciCode
Score
48.7%
42.0%
43.1%
47.0%
44.9%
39.9%
46.1%
43.3%
40.9%
50.0%
Agentic (general)
GDPVal-AA v2
Score
1269
962
1145
1159
1189
1164
1238
911
1139
1530
MCP Atlas
Public
79.6
74.2
–
49.4
69
47.4
78.8
41.2
79.8
77
MCP Atlas
All
79.2
–
–
–
–
44.7
76
40.2
76.8
75
Tau 3 Banking
Score
15.5%
13.4%
6.6%
8.9%
22.9%
13.8%
23.7%
9.1%
16.5%
24.3%
BrowseComp (w/ Ctx)
Score
77.4%
78.6%
–
76.3%
73.2%
63.0%
77.1%
–
–
84.0%
Toolathlon-Verified
Score
54.4%
–
–
–
–
34.3%
45.5%
–
–
–
AA-Briefcase
Score
917
–
–
–
833
870
839
612
–
–
Reasoning (general)
GPQA Diamond
Score
89.5%
89.3%
84.9%
87.4%
89.4%
86.7%
87.2%
67.2%
83.8%
89.5%
HLE (text only)
Score
31.6%
27.3%
25.2%
28.1%
32.1%
26.6%
29.7%
9.7%
17.5%
35.6%
HLE (with tools)
Score
47.8%
48.3%
40.0%
40.3%
45.1%
37.4%
46.0%
17.6%
42.5%
48.9%
AIME 2026
Score
95.5%
93.3%
93.6%
87.7%
95.8%
94.2%
97.1%
81.2%
82.2%
97.6%
HMMT Feb 2026
Score
90.2%
87.9%
82.6%
71.2%
93.9%
78.8%
86.3%
–
–
98.5%
CritPt
Score
8.3%
1.7%
3.7%
0.6%
7.1%
3.1%
5.4%
0.0%
0.0%
20.6%
Reasoning (abstract)
ARC-AGI-1
Score
84.0%
–
–
–
–
–
79.5%
47.7%
–
87.7%
ARC-AGI-2
Score
40.1%
–
–
–
–
–
36.5%
4.0%
–
47.6%
Factuality
SimpleQA Verified
Score
20.6%
26.0%
16.1%
13.5%
34.1%
32.4%
43.9%
5.9%
44.1%
41.7%
AA Omniscience
Score
-9
-29.8
-9.3
0.7
-22.9
-1
2.1
-4.2
6.9
-11.6
Chat
IFBench
Score
82.2%
78.8%
67.1%
75.7%
79.2%
81.4%
79.8%
54.3%
78.6%
67.3%
Global-MMLU-Lite
Score
86.7%
90.0%
83.5%
83.9%
88.4%
85.6%
88.7%
83.4%
89.4%
88.7%
Safety
StrongREJECT (none)
Score
98.4%
99.4%
99.3%
99.4%
97.4%
98.7%
98.6%
98.6%
97.6%
98.7%
FORTRESS (adversarial)
Score
71.6%
77.3%
64.8%
86.3%
32.0%
77.6%
78.0%
91.3%
70.7%
83.8%
FORTRESS (benign)
Score
96.9%
95.4%
94.6%
90.1%
99.2%
90.5%
95.9%
94.1%
95.5%
97.8%
Vision
MMMU Pro (Standard 10)
Score
74.0%
77.3%
75.4%
–
–
–
73.5%
58.6%
79.0%
78.6%
Charxiv RQ
Score
77.4%
80.8%
81.0%
–
–
–
78.1%
57.4%
70.0%
81.4%
Charxiv RQ (with python)
Score
81.3%
–
–
–
–
–
82.0%
–
–
–
Audio
Audio MC
Score
54.9%
–
30.4%
–
–
–
56.6%
–
33.6%
–
MMAU
Score
77.0%
–
73.6%
–
–
–
77.2%
–
75.2%
–
VoiceBench
Score
90.1%
–
86.4%
–
–
–
91.4%
–
85.9%
–
6. Safety
We conducted safety evaluations ahead of release, spanning both everyday human-AI interaction and dangerous-capability testing. Because Inkling-Small is multimodal, we paid attention to whether safety behavior held consistently across text, audio, and image inputs. We applied mitigations to reduce risks before release.
For everyday interaction, we evaluated sycophancy, harmful manipulation, and psychological-harm patterns like parasocial dependency and validation of delusional reasoning, including through multi-turn, open-ended external red-teaming designed to surface issues that only emerge over longer conversations. We also assessed whether the model refuses genuinely harmful requests without over-refusing benign ones. For CBRN and cyber, we assessed knowledge and procedural uplift through internal evaluations, external testing, and refusal-suppressed variants intended to estimate latent capability with safeguards removed. For loss of control, we evaluated agentic capability, strategic deception, and sabotage potential, benchmarked against public frontier models, and found the model materially below frontier capabilities.
Across all areas, we concluded that Inkling-Small did not present risk of material uplift beyond what's already available in the open-weight ecosystem.
The residual risks identified in our evaluations — specifically, Inkling-Small’s occasional tendency to comply with role-play and indirectly framed prompts concerning harmful topics — are consistent with what you would see from any open-weight model, and are best addressed with defense-in-depth rather than relying on the model's refusals alone. Common downstream moderation tools, such as Llama Guard, are compatible with Inkling-Small and can be layered around the model to catch jailbreak attempts, filter unsafe outputs, and enforce use-case-specific policies. We would encourage treating this kind of input/output classification as a part of your deployment stack, especially for consumer-facing or high-traffic applications where adversarial prompting is more likely.
7. Bias, risks and limitations
Inkling-Small may exhibit general limitations common to foundation models, including hallucination (generating plausible but factually incorrect or unsupported content), occasional failures to follow instructions precisely, and degraded performance in long multi-turn conversations. As with other large-scale models trained on web-derived and synthetic data, Inkling-Small may reflect biases present in its training data, including demographic, cultural, or linguistic biases, and may perform unevenly across languages, dialects, or subject domains that were less represented during training.
Inkling-Small's knowledge is limited to information available as of its training cutoff, and it may not reflect events, developments, or changes that occurred afterward.
We recommend that downstream developers and deployers apply appropriate human oversight and review for outputs used in high-stakes or safety-critical contexts, rather than relying on Inkling-Small's outputs without verification.
Conduct their own evaluation of Inkling-Small's performance, safety, and fairness for their specific use case, language, and population prior to deployment, particularly for applications involving vulnerable groups.
Implement additional safeguards – such as content filtering, rate limiting, and monitoring – at the application layer, especially for open deployment contexts where Inkling-Small's built-in mitigations may not be sufficient on their own.
Avoid deploying Inkling-Small in domains such as medical, legal, or safety-critical decision-making without additional fine-tuning, domain-specific validation, and human oversight
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