Mastering FPGA Configuration: Intel® FPGAs

Table of Contents

1. Introduction
2. Configuration Schemes for Intel FPGAs
   • 2.1 Passive Serial Configuration Scheme
   • 2.2 Active Serial Configuration Scheme
   • 2.3 Fast Passive Parallel Configuration Scheme
   • 2.4 JTAG Configuration Scheme
3. Configuring Intel FPGA Devices
   • 3.1 Configuration via HPS
   • 3.2 Configuration Data Formats
   • 3.3 Multi-Device Configuration
4. Choosing the Right Configuration Scheme
   • 4.1 Supported Configuration Schemes
   • 4.2 Configuration Scheme Compatibility
5. Configuring Different Device Families
   • 5.1 Configuring Stratix 10 Devices
   • 5.2 Configuring Cyclone 5 and Arria 10 Devices
6. Tips for Successful Configuration
   • 6.1 Timing and Frequency Considerations
   • 6.2 Power-On Reset Selection
   • 6.3 JTAG Instructions and Options
7. Resources for Configuration Support
8. Conclusion

Configuration Schemes for Intel FPGAs

In this article, we will explore the various configuration schemes available for Intel FPGA devices. Configuration is an essential step in programming an FPGA, where the device is programmed to function according to the desired design. Intel FPGAs support multiple configuration schemes, each with its own advantages and considerations.

2.1 Passive Serial Configuration Scheme

The passive serial configuration scheme utilizes an external host to control the configuration process. The configuration data is sent from the external host to the FPGA one bit at a time. This scheme is commonly used and offers simplicity and ease of use. However, it requires careful timing considerations and adherence to setup and hold timing parameters.

Pros:

• Easy to use
• Ideal balance between cost and speed

Cons:

• Strict timing requirements

2.2 Active Serial Configuration Scheme

The active serial configuration scheme allows the FPGA to be configured using a serial or quad serial configuration device. The FPGA generates the necessary clock signals and controls the entire configuration cycle. This scheme is versatile and offers higher data transfer rates compared to passive serial configuration. It also provides options for different clock frequencies and power-on reset times.

Pros:

• Higher data transfer rates
• Flexibility in clock frequencies

Cons:

• More complex compared to passive serial configuration

2.3 Fast Passive Parallel Configuration Scheme

The fast passive parallel (FPP) configuration scheme is similar to passive serial configuration but allows data to be transmitted one, two, or four bytes at a time. It is called "fast" because it transmits multiple bytes in parallel, providing faster configuration times compared to passive serial. However, it requires the use of an intelligent host device or external processor for control.

Pros:

• Faster configuration times
• Similar simplicity to passive serial configuration

Cons:

• Requires an intelligent host device

2.4 JTAG Configuration Scheme

The JTAG (Joint Test Action Group) configuration scheme utilizes the JTAG circuitry of the FPGA to shift configuration data into the device. It allows for easy programming and configuration during development. JTAG configuration has precedence over other configuration modes and can be done without waiting for other modes to complete. It offers convenience but requires careful consideration of Pin connections and power supply voltages.

Pros:

• Easy programming and configuration
• Precedence over other configuration modes

Cons:

• Pin and voltage considerations

In the following sections, we will delve deeper into each configuration scheme, discussing their specific implementation details and considerations. We will also provide guidelines for configuring different device families and offer tips for successful configuration. Let's get started!